Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine has entered its fifth year. The conflict has devolved into trench warfare, resembling the First World War. Both sides face immense human and financial costs in this attritional struggle. Ukraine’s adaptability and Western support sustain its defenses against Russian advances. This prolonged war tests endurance and reshapes Europe’s security order. Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine has entered its fifth year. The conflict has devolved into trench warfare, resembling the First World War. Both sides face immense human and financial costs in this attritional struggle. Ukraine’s adaptability and Western support sustain its defenses against Russian advances. This prolonged war tests endurance and reshapes Europe’s security order.
