Trouble beneath the waves: India’s submarine fleet is ageing and replacements are years away

 The Indian Navy is currently operating an ageing submarine fleet with plans for expansion by 2030. The current fleet consists of 16 conventional submarines and three strategic submarines. Significant delays have been experienced in the procurement of new vessels, including the planned P-75I program. The navy aims to enhance its capabilities with domestic and foreign collaborations for nuclear-powered attack submarines. The Indian Navy is currently operating an ageing submarine fleet with plans for expansion by 2030. The current fleet consists of 16 conventional submarines and three strategic submarines. Significant delays have been experienced in the procurement of new vessels, including the planned P-75I program. The navy aims to enhance its capabilities with domestic and foreign collaborations for nuclear-powered attack submarines.