India and Pakistan possess nearly identical nuclear arsenals, yet their doctrines diverge significantly. India adheres to ‘No First Use’ and aims for a minimum deterrent, while Pakistan’s ‘Full Spectrum Deterrence’ counters India’s conventional strength. India is expanding its nuclear triad, focusing on survivability and reach, while Pakistan emphasises tactical nuclear weapons and flexible options, raising escalation risks. India and Pakistan possess nearly identical nuclear arsenals, yet their doctrines diverge significantly. India adheres to ‘No First Use’ and aims for a minimum deterrent, while Pakistan’s ‘Full Spectrum Deterrence’ counters India’s conventional strength. India is expanding its nuclear triad, focusing on survivability and reach, while Pakistan emphasises tactical nuclear weapons and flexible options, raising escalation risks.
